Changes in spinal cord architecture after bpi in the newborn
Posted: Fri Jul 18, 2008 2:50 pm
Brain. 2004 Jul;127(Pt 7):1488-95. Epub 2004 Jun 2. Links
Changes in spinal cord architecture after brachial plexus injury in the newborn.
Korak KJ, Tam SL, Gordon T, Frey M, Aszmann OC.
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Clinics of Vienna School of Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is a devastating birth injury. While many children recover spontaneously, 20-25% are left with a permanent impairment of the affected limb. So far, concepts of pathology and recovery have focused on the injury of the peripheral nerve. Proximal nerve injury at birth, however, leads to massive injury-induced motoneuron loss in corresponding motoneuron pools and therefore limits the extent of functional recovery. In the present study, the role of spinal cord plasticity after injury and recovery from obstetric brachial plexus lesions was investigated. A selective injury to spinal roots C5 and C6 was induced in newborn Sprague-Dawley rats, leading to motoneuron loss in corresponding motoneuron pools. Recovery of extremity function was evaluated with different behavioural paradigms. Permanent changes of adjacent motoneuron pools were quantitatively evaluated by retrograde tracing and functional muscle testing. We report that the adjacent C7 motoneuron contribution to biceps muscle innervation increased four-fold after upper trunk lesions in newborns, thus compensating for the injury-induced motoneuron loss. These results indicate that, in obstetric brachial plexus palsy, changes in spinal cord architecture are an integral part not only of primary pathology but also of the subsequent recovery process. While present treatment is directed towards the restoration of neural continuity, future treatment strategies must recognize and take advantage of CNS participation in the injury and recovery process. Copyright 2004 Guarantors of Brain
PMID: 15175226 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Changes in spinal cord architecture after brachial plexus injury in the newborn.
Korak KJ, Tam SL, Gordon T, Frey M, Aszmann OC.
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Clinics of Vienna School of Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is a devastating birth injury. While many children recover spontaneously, 20-25% are left with a permanent impairment of the affected limb. So far, concepts of pathology and recovery have focused on the injury of the peripheral nerve. Proximal nerve injury at birth, however, leads to massive injury-induced motoneuron loss in corresponding motoneuron pools and therefore limits the extent of functional recovery. In the present study, the role of spinal cord plasticity after injury and recovery from obstetric brachial plexus lesions was investigated. A selective injury to spinal roots C5 and C6 was induced in newborn Sprague-Dawley rats, leading to motoneuron loss in corresponding motoneuron pools. Recovery of extremity function was evaluated with different behavioural paradigms. Permanent changes of adjacent motoneuron pools were quantitatively evaluated by retrograde tracing and functional muscle testing. We report that the adjacent C7 motoneuron contribution to biceps muscle innervation increased four-fold after upper trunk lesions in newborns, thus compensating for the injury-induced motoneuron loss. These results indicate that, in obstetric brachial plexus palsy, changes in spinal cord architecture are an integral part not only of primary pathology but also of the subsequent recovery process. While present treatment is directed towards the restoration of neural continuity, future treatment strategies must recognize and take advantage of CNS participation in the injury and recovery process. Copyright 2004 Guarantors of Brain
PMID: 15175226 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
The influence of GDNF on the timecourse and extent of motoneuron loss in the cervical spinal cord after brachial plexus injury in the neonate. [Neurol Res. 2004]
Brachial plexus avulsion injury repairs with nerve transfers and nerve grafts directly implanted into the spinal cord yield partial recovery of shoulder and elbow movements. [Neurosurgery. 2003]
Neuronal survival, regeneration and musclemorphology after posterior C7 nerve transfer: an experimental study. [J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006]